Two types of breast cancer surgeries are widely performed, depending on the stage and type of breast cancer. Lumptectomies remove only cancerous tissue and preserve the shape of the breasts. Cases that have reached a later stage may call for a mastectomy, or surgical removal of the entire breast.

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The development of polyps, or small cancerous growths in the colom, rectum, and appendix, is the first sign of colon cancer. In most cases, these polyps are surgically removed, either individually or along with a section of the attached colon; more advanced cases may require resectioning the colon.

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Pancreatic cancer is considered a silent killer, mainly because the early symptoms are difficult to diagnose. Prognosis is generally poor depending on the types of tumors that are found.

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Liver cancers are often caused by metastases from other tumors in the body, and are characterized by the presence of malignant hepatic tumors.

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Cervical cancer is nearly always caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

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Lung cancer surgery is commonly recommended for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Procedures call for excising a portion of the lung, though the area and size of the tissue removed depends on the progression of cancer. Surgeons may remove either a lobe, a functional segment, or an entire lung.

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Tumors on the ovaries are dealt with surgically by removing one ovary, both ovaries, or even connected structures such as the fallopian tubes and uterus. Early stages of ovarian cancer may even permit procedures that remove growths while preserving the patient's fertility.

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Traditionally, prostrate cancer growths that have not spread beyond the prostate are surgically removed by cutting through the abdomen or the skin. Nowadays, some surgeons favor less-invasive laparoscopic surgery, which makes use of a series of tiny incisions and cutting-edge technology to minimize risk.

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Surgical excision is the preferred method for many types of brain tumors that are benign and localized. It is often possible to remove most of the cancerous growth. However, certain primary brain tumors are more difficult to operate on; the specific area of the brain affected will determine the correct procedure.

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