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The 2D animation explains the process involved in a male cystoscopy procedure. A cystoscopy is a procedure that allows a urologist to see inside the urinary bladder. Note that the instruments shown in the animation are smaller relative to the patient in an actual cystoscopy.

While it may seem automatic, the release of urine from the urinary bladder requires a fairly complex coordination of several muscles. The animation shows the process involved in release of urine from the bladder.

This video shows precisely what a surgeon sees during a laparoscopic cholescystectomy. A laparoscopic cholescystectomy is gallbladder removal surgery using small incisions and cameras rather than a large abdominal incision. This video may be difficult for some viewers since it shows surgery on actual human tissue.

The kidney filters blood to produce urine and can do so because of its unique anatomy. This narrated animation shows the anatomy of the kidney and how that anatomy enables the kidney to filter wastes from the blood.

This narrated collection of artist's images shows the anatomy of the kidney at the gross and microscopic levels. Kidney physiology is also explained which describes how blood is filtered by the kidney to produce urine.

Sugar that we eat needs insulin in the blood in order for the sugar to be absorbed by cells and tissues. When this system goes awry it is referred to as diabetes. This animated video discusses Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes, when poorly controlled, can directly damage several organs and tissues like the kidney, the retina of the eye, and the nerves. Type 2 diabetes also leads to increased risk of heart disease and arterial disease and makes it harder for wounds to heal (delays healing).

This narrated animation shows how the sugar (glucose) that we eat is taken up by cells with the help of the pancreatic hormone, insulin. It also describes how Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus affects the body through problems with insulin and sugar uptake by cells.

The narrated 3D animations shows the function of the gallbladder and explains how gallstones can be formed from cholesterol and bile salts. If gall stones block the outflow of bile from the gallbladder, a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) may need to be performed.

An upper GI endoscopy is a procedure in which a thin tube is placed in the mouth and throat and advanced to the stomach and first part of the small intestine. As the animations shows, the endoscope contains a tiny video camera and often small surgical instruments which can be used for diagnosis or treatment.

An artist's rendition of the body at the microscopic level is narrated in this video. It describes how bacteria enter the body during an infection and how the cells of the immune system mount an organized attack to fight the infection.

An enlarged prostate can lead to problems with urination and urinary tract infections. One treatment for an enlarged prostate is a TURP or Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. The video describes a step-by-step process involved in a TURP.

There are several reasons why one may have urinary incontinence or the inability to prevent urination from occurring. One type of urinary incontinence is stress incontinence which is discussed in this video. Surgical treatment for this problem is sometimes necessary and a minimally invasive approach is described.