Type of Surgery
Information

Last updated: 11/24/2009
Normal results vary, based on the laboratory and method used. Unless otherwise specified, the following information is from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association.
- Total CK: Reference value is 38โ174 units/L...
for men and 96โ140 units/L for women. The values begin to rise within four to six hours and peak at 24 hours. Values return to normal within three to four days. - CK-MB: Reference value is 10โ13 units/L. The values begin to rise within three to four hours and peak at 10โ24 hours. Values return to normal within two to four days.
- Troponin T: Reference value is less than 0.1 ng/mL. The values begin to rise within two to four hours and peak at 10โ24 hours. Values return to normal within five to 14 days.
- Troponin I: Reference value is less than 1.5 ng/mL. The values begin to rise within two to four hours and peak at 10โ24 hours. Values return to normal within five to 10 days.
- CK-MB forms: Reference value is a ratio of 1.5 or greater. The values begin to rise within two to four hours and peak at six to 12 hours. Values return to normal within 12โ24 hours.
- Myoglobin: Reference value is less than 110 ng/mL. The values begin to rise within one to two hours and peak at four to eight hours. Values return to normal within 12โ24 hours.
- Homocysteine: The normal fasting level for plasma is 5โ15 micromol/L. Moderate, intermediate, and severe hyperhomocysteinemia refer to concentrations between 16 and 30, between 31 and 100, and less than 100 micromol/L, respectively.
- C-reactive protein: According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in healthy people, reference values are below 5 mg/dL; in various diseases, this threshold is often exceeded within four to eight hours after an acute inflammatory event, with CRP values reaching approximately 20โ500 mg/dL.
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Other Information
Medical tests that are often referred to as cardiac markers include:
cardiac troponin (the most sensitive and specific test for myocardial damage)
creatine kinase (CK, also known as phosphocreatine kinase or creatine phosphokinase)
Aspartate transaminase (AST, also called Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT/SGOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT))
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Myoglobin (Mb) has low specificity for myocardial infarction and is used less than the other markers.
Other Information
How many open-heart surgeries are performed each year? In 2005 in the United States, these procedures were performed: Valve replacements 106,000 Bypass (cardiac revascularization) 469,000 Heart transplants (performed in 2006) 2,192 Total open-heart procedures 699,000.
From: American Heart Association
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