Type of Surgery
Information
Last updated: 02/17/2009
BOOKS
Altman, M. Urinary Care/Catheterization. Albany, NY: Delmar, 2003.
Gearhart, John P. Pediatric Urology. Totawa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003.
Hanna, P. M., S. B. Malkowicz, and A. J. Wein. Clinical...
Manual of Urology, 3rd edition. New York: McGraw Hill, 2001.
Laycock, J., and J. Haslam. Therapeutic Management of Incontinence and Pelvic Pain. New York: Sringer-Verlag, 2001.
Newman, Diane K. Managing and Treating Urinary Incontinence. Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press, 2002.
PERIODICALS
Wilde, M. H. and B. L. Cameron. "Meanings and Practical Knowledge of People with Long-term Urinary Catheters."Journal of Wound Ostomy Continence Nursing 30(1) (2003): 33โ43.
Johnson, J. R. "Safety of urinary catheters."Journal of theAmerican Medical Association, 289(3) (2003): 300โ301.
Munasinghe, R. L., V. Nagappan, and M. Siddique. "Urinary Catheters: A One-point Restraint?"Annals of Internal Medicine 138(3) (2003): 238โ239.
Winder, A. "Intermittent Self-catheterisation."Nursing Times 98(48) (2002): 50.
ORGANIZATIONS
American Board of Urology. 2216 Ivy Road, Suite 210, Chaarlottesviille, VA 22903. (434) 979-0059.
American Foundation for Urologic Disease. 1128 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. (800) 242-2383.
American Urological Association. 1120 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. (410) 727-1100.
National Health Service of Great Britain.
National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearing-house. 3 Information Way, Bethesda, MD 20892. (800) 891-5390.
OTHER
AdvancePCS. [cited February 28, 2003]
Harvard Pilgrim Health Care. [cited February 28, 2003]
Mount Clemens General Hospital, Mt. Clemens, MI. [cited February 28, 2003]
Wayne State University. [cited February 28, 2003]
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Other Information
The female urethral orifice is a vertical, slit-like, or irregularly ovoid (egg-shaped) opening, 0.16โ0.2 in (4โ5 mm) in diameter, located between the clitoris and the vagina. The urinary meatus (opening) is concealed between the labia minora, which are the small folds of tissue that need to be separated to view the opening and insert a catheter. With proper positioning, good lighting, and gloved hands, these anatomical landmarks can be identified. Perineal care or cleansing may be required to ensure a clean procedural environment.
Catheterization of the female patient is traditionally performed without the use of local anesthetic gel to facilitate catheter insertion. But since there are no lubricating glands in the female urethra (as are found in the male urethra), the risk of trauma from a simple catheter insertion is increased. Therefore, an ample supply of an anesthetic or antibacterial lubricant should be used.
Once the catheter is inserted, it is secured as appropriate for the catheter type. A straight catheter is typically secured with adhesive tape. An indwelling catheter is secured by inflating a bulb-like device inside of the bladder.
Other Information
As a urologist, I've found it's easier to do the PSA test and then sit down with the patient and say here's what the results mean for you. Given what we know right now, that seems a very sensible approach.
-Dr. Evan Vapnek
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