Dental implants have revolutionized the way that dentists replace teeth, but they do require healthy jaw bone in which to anchor. Unfortunately tooth loss causes bone to resorb (atrophy or deteriorate). This video describes the process by which new bone if grafted into the jaw so that dental implants can be installed.

The brain has a system of open spaces deep within it that houses cerebrospinal fluid. Sometimes those ventricles that contain cerebrospinal fluid need to be accessed and drained. This animation describes the placement of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt or CSF shunt that provides communication between brain ventricles and the abdomen. A newer, adjustable CSF shunt is described.

This animation explains the meniscus of the knee, why it is important for knee function and what symptoms occur when it is diseased.

For most of us, pain is something that occurs when we bang our foot or burn our finger; however, for some people pain is an unrelenting source of anguish that they must live with daily. This video shows a new and specific technique for pain control called spinal cord stimulation. Spinal cord stimulation is a neurosurgical technique in which a thin electrode is inserted in the spinal cord up to the brain and stimulates nerve fibers do disrupt pain pathways.