Type of Surgery
Information
Last updated: 02/17/2009
BOOKS
Enkin, Murray, Marc Keirse, James Neilson, et al. A guide to effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Third edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
PERIODICALS
Carroli,...
G., and J. Belizan. "Episiotomy for vaginal birth."TheCochrane Library (2000).
Goldberg, Jay, David Holtz, Terry Hyslop, and Jorge Tolosa. "Has the Use of Routine Episiotomy Decreased? Examination of Episiotomy Rates From 1983 to 2000."Obstetrics and Gynecology 99 (March 2002): 395–400.
Kane-Low, Lisa, Julia Seng, Terri Murtland, and Deborah Oakley. "Clinician-specific episiotomy rates: Impact on perineal outcomes."Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 45 (March 2000): 87–93.
Klein, M. C., R. J. Gauthier, J. Kaczorowski, et al. "Relationship of Episiotomy to Perineal Trauma and Morbidity, Sexual Dysfunction, and Pelvic Floor Relaxation."American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 171 (1994): 591–8.
McCandlish, Rona. "Perineal Trauma: Prevention and Treatment."Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 46 (November 2001): 396–401.
Roberts, Joyce E. "The 'Push' for Evidence: Management of the Second Stage."Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 47 (January 2002): 2–15.
Yokoe, Deborah, Cindy Christiansen, Ruth Johnson, et al. "Epidemiology of and Surveillance for Postpartum Infections."Emerging Infectious Diseases 7 (2001).
ORGANIZATIONS
American College of Nurse-Midwives. 818 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20006. (202) 728-9860.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 409 12th St., SW, PO Box 96920, Washington, DC 20090-6920.
Midwives Alliance of North America. 4805 LawrencevilleHighway, Suite 116-279, Lilburn, GA 30047. (888) 923-MANA.
OTHER
"Episiotomy FAQ Sheet." Perinatal Education Associates, Inc.2002 [cited February 25, 2003].
Marcus, Adam. "Episiotomy Rates Dropping in U.S." Healthfinder. May 7, 2002 [cited February 25, 2003].
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Other Information
An episiotomy (pronounced /ɛˌpiːziːˈɒtəmiː/) is a surgical incision through the perineum made to enlarge the vagina and assist childbirth. The incision can be midline or at an angle from the posterior end of the vulva, is performed under local anaesthetic (pudendal anesthesia) and is sutured closed after delivery. It is one of the most common medical procedures performed on women, and although its routine use in childbirth has steadily declined in recent decades, it is still widely practiced in Latin America and in Poland and India.
Other Information
an obstetrician/gynecologist is a physician specialist who provides medical and surgical care to women and has particular expertise in pregnancy, childbirth, and disorders of the reproductive system.
From: womenshealthchannel.com
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