Type of Surgery
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Last updated: 11/24/2009
For unknown reasons, the number of people in the United States with kidney and ureter stones has been increasing over the past 20 years. White Americans are more prone to develop kidney stones than African Americans. Stones occur more frequently in...
men. The condition strikes most typically between the ages of 20 and 40. Once a person gets more than one stone, others are likely to develop.
Upper tract tumors develop in the renal pelvis (tissue in the kidneys that collects urine) and in the ureters. These cancers account for less than 1% of cancers of the reproductive and urinary systems. Upper tract tumors are often associated with bladder cancer.
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Type 2 diabetes, when poorly controlled, can directly damage several organs and tissues like the kidney, the retina of the eye, and the nerves. Type 2 diabetes also leads to increased risk of heart disease and arterial disease and makes it harder for wounds to heal (delays healing).
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A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the drainage of urine directly from the upper part of the urinary system (renal pelvis).
Nephrostomies are created by surgeons or interventional radiologists and typically consist of a catheter which pierces the skin and rests in the urinary tract. It is performed under ultrasound guidance or under image intensifier. Local anesthetic infiltration is used to numb the area where the needle would pass through to make the puncture on the kidney.
Urine is collected in an external bag which can be emptied as often as necessary.
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Circumcision is a controversial topic, because there is so much misinformation and emotion included as fact; the facts are fairly straightforward and there are some definite biological advantages to circumcision.
-Gerald McMorrow
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