Type of Surgery
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Last updated: 02/17/2009
Phlebography is primarily performed to diagnose deep vein thrombosis—a condition in which clots form in the veins of the leg. Pulmonary embolism can occur when those clots break off and travel to the lungs and pulmonary artery. Phlebography can also...
be used to evaluate congenital vein problems, assess the function of the deep leg vein valves, and identify a vein for arterial bypass grafting. Ultrasound has replaced phlebography in many cases; but phlebography is the "gold standard," or the best test by which others are judged, even though it is not used routinely.
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Impedance phlebography, or impedance plethysmography (IPG), is a non-invasive medical test that measures small changes in electrical resistance of the chest, calf or other regions of the body. These measurements reflect blood volume changes, and can indirectly indicate the presence or absence of venous thrombosis. This procedure provides an alternative to venography, which is invasive and requires a great deal of skill to execute adequately and interpret accurately.
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In 2006 a study showed that the cost of foot surgery to correct foot problems from tight-fitting shoes is $2 billion a year. If time off from work for the surgery and recovery is included, the cost is $3.5 billion.
From: AAOS
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